"Recognizing good and bad paragraphs"

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Exercise 3
Paragraph 1 For example, if I want to become a great athlete, then I have to know about its rules and techniques such as how to run and how to jump. I can't come to know everything about it by myself. I'll have to go to a coach because he knows everything about the game. He has experience. He knows how can I learn and improve.	Paragraph 2 Secondly, students do not have to concern about their time and place. They who are student and coach can study together whenever they want, wherever they want. To illustrate, if you do not want to study in your room or study room, you can study at café or restaurant with your coach. Moreover, if you are morning person, you can study in the morning with your coach.

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Exercise 4

Paragraph 1 When we have classes in school, it usually has forty or fifty students in one classroom, sometime over one hundred students in a popular course. At the same time, the teachers can not take care of everyone. Coaches can teach us face to face, and we could learn more from coaches. Not only do they teach us about knowledge, but they also share their expertise. Sometimes coaches are like teachers; sometimes they are like our friends

Paragraph 2 A coach also instills sportsman's spirit in his students. If all the world were to remember the advice given to them by their coaches, half of the vices in our societies in general would be weeded out. The terms 'Fair Play' and 'Its not cricket' depict the fact that the sportsman's spirit inculcated in the student's mind by the coaches is a great virtue indeed as good sportsman's spirit is rightly considered synonyms with fair play and uprightness.

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Exercise 6

Paragraph 1 The fast food is like the burger, sandwich, or pizza, and we can get it in the fast food by drive thru. We can also get the profit for saving money in fast food. So that's why I believe microwave ovens and fast food restaurants are beneficial to society today. For example, many college students don't have much time to stay in the restaurant for eating, if they have linked classes or have separate college for classes by driving a long time, so the fast food is the only way they can do it. It saves much time and more convenient for them.

Paragraph 2 First, fast foods and other kind of foods that can be quickly cooked in the microwave contain a lot of dietary sugar and fat. These are very difficult to digest. This can lead to the deposition of unwanted fat and clogging of arteries, thus giving a chance to a high risk of diseases and obesity. For example, consider frozen vegetables that can be cooked easily. They have many preservatives mixed which in a long run is not good for health.

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Exercise 18

Paragraph 1 A big university has more facilities than a small university for example computers labs, language labs, parking lots, many kinds of books, etc. Academically, there are many professional instructors who have a lot of experience.

Paragraph 2 The large university has its advantages for the student who likes to be a small fish in a big pond. This student doesn't want to stand out, doesn't mind the less intimate atmosphere, and prefers to not be involved in clubs and leadership positions. This student, however, does like the many parties and activities which may happen on a daily basis and may thrive on many types of campus facilities which may not be offered at a smaller university

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Exercise 25

Paragraph 1 On the other hand, eating at home is much trouble. It means that we have to go to get some ingredients from a store and take time to make foods. But that cost might be cheaper than eating at restaurants. In addition, there are good tastes in restaurants, but they use some artificial seasonings and oils. Of course, we use some artificial seasonings and oils when we make foods, but it is not too much. We can save them. When eating at home, we can save money, and we can stay healthy because we save some artificial seasonings and oils, so I prefer to eat at home.

Paragraph 2 Eating out can be very expensive. A few months ago, I ate out twice a week for a while due to my busy schedule of going to school and holding down a full-time job. When I ate at Denny's, the cost for my meal was $8.50, including the tip. On other occasions, I ate at the Yamazato and the Mikado restaurants, both of which cost me more than $25 for each meal. That month my food bill was over three hundred dollars.

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Exercise 26

Paragraph 1 Perhaps the best reason for eating at home is health reasons. When I was a teenager, I used to eat out a lot with my friends (i.e., McDonald's, the Sushi Lounge, Burger King, Yoshinoya). Naturally since I got into the habit of doing this, I continued to eat out when I got into my twenties. But now I seem to gain weight easily when I eat out since many of these restaurant foods taste very delicious but contain high amounts of fat. Consequently, I gained a total of 25 lbs between the ages of 20 and 25 years of age, at which point I made a decision to stop eating out except on very special occasions. I am happy to say that I have now lost 15 lbs, and I am feeling a lot healthier as a result.

Paragraph 2 Even though most of the week I prefer to prepare and eat at home, occasionally I like to eat out. My friends and parents raise many concerns about the hygiene aspects of the food served outside, but eating out means more than filling my stomach or fulfilling my appetite. Its serves as an ideal opportunity to talk about the things of present and past, relax and see the things other than my workstation and walls of my house.

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Exercise 27

Paragraph 1 Students job is studying to learn. And we learn about knowledge, social relationship, and mantel strength in school. First, many people may think they can study a subject by themselves. But if they don't attend a class, they may have missed some important things in the book. And they should spend more time to study. And they have more unsuccessful probability in learning knowledge.

Paragraph 2 First, the option of not attending classes and learning through correspondence makes it possible and easier for people who have other responsibilities, other than just studying, to study. For example, distance learning courses offered by universities make it possible for mothers who have small children and cannot leave the house to get a university degree. Similarly, the option of learning through correspondence makes it possible for people who have multiple jobs or a very busy daily routine to study when they find free time.

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Exercise 28

Paragraph 1 I did not go to university. I did not think that I needed to go to university at that time. However, I am learning English right now, and I wish that I could go to University for studying something. If I were absent in class sometimes, I would loose some important words. Furthermore, I am not rich, so I do not want to waste money. Japanese young students often do not go to college. In Japan, it is very difficult to enter a university, so they do not study after entering a university. Japanese people think about which university they went to. It means not what they learned.

Paragraph 2 Second, studying by not attending classes makes it possible for handicapped people who find it difficult to travel from one place to another to get an education. For example, a correspondence course makes it simpler for a person who has only one leg to get an education as it saves that person the trouble of traveling from home to the university and from one class to another. Instead of having to worry about how to get to the university or from one class to another, such a person can concentrate and put in all his efforts into studying.

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Exercise 29

Paragraph 1 Additionally, good neighbors provide security and think of their neighbors as a cohesive family. For example, Steve saw a strange man standing in front of his neighbor's house yesterday night. He immediately called both, the police and his other two neighbors. Immediately, the entire neighborhood was awake and the suspect fled. This example was aired all over the state and country as a model for the neighborhood watch program.

Paragraph 2 People live more closely than previous times. That situation caused many problems like pollution, parking, and noise. So it is easy to fight each other by these problems. Because living in a dormitory, I sometimes experience similar problems. When tenants listen to music noisily and call their friends over night, I could not sleep at all. And some people change suddenly the channel we are watching. These things make me annoyed.

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Exercise 30

Paragraph 1 It also helps your life quality be better and better. In my country, Taiwan, people who live in a community, but they never have a good communication because they are very busy. In my opinion, good communication can help you and your neighbor to know your thoughts or needs. Some people even do not know who their neighbor is. Sometimes people have argued when their neighbor speaks or listens to music too loudly.

Paragraph 2 First, good neighbors give us company and remove our loneliness by talking to us, being around, sharing things, feelings and moments of life with us. To illustrate, Nicky had to go out of town for two days on a business deal. She called her neighbors to look after and pay a visit to her old mother at least once a day. They did more than that. One member of the neighbor's family would sit with the old lady throughout the day and watch TV with her and talk to her and listen to her stories. Never did Nicky's mother feel alone during those two days.

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Exercise 31

Paragraph 1 One reason people are living longer is at the beginning of the twentieth century, doctors could not cure many diseases. For example, when my great grandfather became stricken with small pox, his doctor worked very hard to help treat the symptoms. But because there was no cure for small pox, he died a few weeks after being exposed to the virus. Nowadays, all children are required to receive a vaccination against small pox, making the occurrence of such an illness almost nonexistent.

Paragraph 2 On the other hand, medical science has ensured its success in the 21st century. Those diseases that were not curable in the past are curable now mostly. The value of life is higher now. People can spend time, money to secure their life. During war, many people die in general. These days war takes place rarely, and people get their life longer.

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Exercise 32

Paragraph 1 Everyday we can eat food including enough nutrition. A few decades ago, people are hard to get food in our country. Japan doesn't have large field. Therefore, people couldn't make enough food. Now our country's life span is the longest in the world. However, it was better that people could live 50 years at that time.

Paragraph 2 To further reduce the amount of people dying at younger ages, many developed countries have been educating its citizens about world hunger. Michael Jackson and other singers, a few years ago, wrote a song titled "Feed the World," which raised millions of dollars for starving children in Africa. Many nonprofit organizations to feed starving children in many countries spawned from that drive. It is not uncommon to see television ads in the US soliciting donations from Americans in an effort to feed those inside and outside the borders of the United States. Consequently, many children who would have otherwise died due to starvation are given vitamins, staple foods, and preventative medicines to help extend their life-spans and quality of life.

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Exercise 33

Paragraph 1 First of all, the most valuable people for me are the friendly and cooperative ones. Every day at work we meet the same people. So, each  worker must help to support a friendly atmosphere and a feeling of commandship at the working place. Being one team allows workers to solve problems sooner and more effectively. For example, at surgical operations, all medical persons should work cooperatively as one brigade to successfully complete the procedure. Medical nurses and hospital attendants should help and create the best conditions for the surgeon, thus benefitting all from their work.

Paragraph 2 For instance, when I worked before, I saw many people who quit jobs because of stress given from other people. Especially most of them are women. I think that women are more sensitive than men. Therefore, if we think that we want to work longer, we have to pay attention to other people's feeling. Also, we cannot allow to behave selfishly at the office. If we can work alone, we don't care whether we behave selfishly or not. But almost workers have to work with some or many co-workers. Probably, we continue with such a bad attitude, and we will be spoiled by other people.

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Exercise 34

Paragraph 1 Another quality I prefer in a person is to not be jealous. For all of us is the usual feeling of jealousy to the people surrounding us. But this sense is harmful not only for us, but for all team members as well. For instance, a jealous colleague may be rewarded for more than he deserves, sometimes infringing on the valid contributions of others in the company. These false accomplishments could lead to false rumors about his co-worker, and, as a consequence, to the dismissal of his more unfortunate colleague. In the end, all team members suffer from this action because of having to overburden themselves with additional job tasks from the discharged worker. So, it is important to be helpful to each other and to not be jealous of others.

Paragraph 2 When I worked, my job needed collaboration. And I hoped that we could do well on our job by anticipating what to do next. Moreover, anticipation of tasks not only helps us to do our job effectively, but it also offers a good relationship for us. Finally, I think that it is different from characteristics that are needed by co-workers and companies among each country. But, the most important thing is to establish firm relationship with our colleagues. And I learned such important characteristics as a worker in my job experiment.

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Exercise 35

Paragraph 1 Every day he should come at work on time. So if his working day begins at 9.00 a.m., he should be there on time. The teenager will become more responsible than previously. He also must complete properly his task during the day. If he works at a post office, he has to sort and, then, deliver mail to recipients. If he fails to do his job properly, he will be fired. Thus, he adjusts to fulfill mandatory tasks.

Paragraph 2 First, a part-time job takes away from a student's studying routine. Most high school students take five classes each semester (i.e., Chemistry, Language, Biology, Mathematics, and so on.) In order to succeed in these classes, a teenager will need to study approximately 20 to 25 hours weekly. And that is in addition to the daily classes he or she must attend from 8:00AM to 3:00 PM Monday through Friday. Due to this heavy schedule, he/ she will need to study 3-5 hours outside of class each day if he/she wants to stay competitive with his/her peers. Working at a part-time job would interfere in this routine, hence causing the student to not have enough time to study. Consequently, the student's grades would decline and for what---a few extra dollars of spending money each week?

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Exercise 36

Paragraph 1 Second, the little remaining time that a student does have should be dedicated to extracurricular involvement in school activities, not working at a job. For example, in order to become more well-rounded, a student may join a football team or may choose to become part of the school band. Either way, the student learns to become part of a team and learns a skill that may later on become his/her lifelong hobby. Another advantage to having the time for extracurricular activities is that many universities consider such involvement as an important factor in the admissions process. Few universities ever ask on the application form if a student has had a job as a teenager. They look at the student's grades and his/her extracurricular involvement. Having a part-time job would not allow time for this type of involvement.

Paragraph 2 As a young member of team, he will look for help from more experienced colleagues. He ought to communicate with them pleasantly to have response. Consequently, he learns how to work on a team. In addition, while working, a young worker communicates with people in the organization. Finally, the main purpose of teenager's work is earning money. Money gives the teenager the independence from his parents. He can spend money his own way, for example, to go to a party or a café. Otherwise, he can collect money to buy a car or to travel around the world. Therefore, by earning money, he can realize his dreams.

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Exercise 37

Paragraph 1 One of my friends is going to move to my hometown. He's got a small family of his beloved wife and a 6 year old daughter. As being a service holder, he needs to make tours very often. His daughter is studying in class one while his wife is simply a housewife. The town has a big shopping mall where we get almost anything we want which makes our life a bit easier in maintaining our daily needs. The city is kept very neat and clean so that we can have a fresh environment to live in. There's a park located near our town which intensifies the city's glamour. Kids, men can go there for a while for mental relief.

Paragraph 2 In addition to the nice climate, there are many entertainment/shopping choices available to the residents of my city. Since we are so close to the beach, the most popular activity is to go down to the pier to fish, swim, surf, and play volleyball and other types of sports in the sand. There are also many shopping malls and plazas in my hometown. Despite the expensive prices for dresses, suits, purses, wallets, it is fun to shop in search of a good deal. Since there are so many stores in direct competition for consumer dollars, there are sales. Often I find clothes at very inexpensive prices.

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Exercise 38

Paragraph 1 Another disadvantage to moving to my hometown would be the price of housing. Since most of the houses are close to and sometimes have a view of the beach, real estate is in great demand. And when the demand is high, the prices skyrocket. The prices of residential houses have gone up dramatically in the last thirty years. Fortunately, my parents were able to purchase our home in the late seventies before the price shot up. Even though my parents paid only $150,000 for our house some thirty years ago, it is now worth $980,000. Many people who choose to live in my city are either very rich, or they have chosen to live in a very small house, condominium, or apartment since that is all that is within their price range.

Paragraph 2 Last year after a bank robbery, the city strengthened its security policy for people living in the city. At present on almost every street there are continuous police patrol guards. People are more aware than before for last year's incident. Besides these there is a school, swimming pool, gym, which make the town smarter than before. From socialistic view, people are very intimate with each other. Some times we feel proud for our neighborhoods.

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Exercise 39

Paragraph 1 Second, having a shopping center in my neighborhood would make my shopping more convenient and cost-effective. Currently, I have to drive to Ontario Mill's Mall in order to do my shopping. However, the drive is more than 30 miles from my house. It would be much more convenient if I could drive less than a mile to a shopping center. That way I could spend less time driving and more time shopping! As one can imagine, driving a total distance of 60 miles for one shopping trip is costly, especially since gas is so expensive. The gas for my shopping trips right now cost approximately $6.00. As a result, it would be a lot more cost-effective to have a shopping center in my neighborhood. I would be able to spend that additional savings of $6.00 on shopping instead of on gas.

Paragraph 2 After a hard work-day,  we can go shopping to buy necessary products in the next neighborhood in search of cheap goods. Now, we wouldn't have to go far away from home to make daily purchases, such as bread, fruits, vegetables. Also, we can buy our clothes, perfumes in this center. As a consequence, we would benefit not only from low prices, but also from savings on transporting expenses. Since now, we wouldn't have to go on a car or by bus to arrive there.

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Exercise 40

Paragraph 1 While studying, many students need work to cover their tuition. This center would be a good place for part-time work of students as a seller or delivery-person, and many young graduates, for example, as a superintendent. Because of being tired after a long working day, it would be more convenient for them to have work near home. Thus, unemployment in our neighborhood will be decreased. The profit of our districts would also increase on account of the new building. A new shopping center would attract many people from adjacent neighborhoods by its low prices, comfortable conditions for purchases. Many entertaining places such as cafe, bar, and restaurants would become more popular at purchasers and tourists. Therefore, this center would magnify incomes of my neighborhood.

Paragraph 2 Third, if the shopping center has high end stores like Macy's, Nordstrom's, and Gottschaulks, the real estate on my property would appreciate since many people would want to move close to the shopping center. Also, my neighbors' properties would increase in value as well. If we ever had to sell our houses, we would be able to sell them at huge profits. In other words, a nice shopping center in our neighborhood would make our houses more valuable.

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Exercise 41

Paragraph 1 When the new movie theater is built, it may have noise and dirt from construction to fall on my house. Maybe it will destroy a part of my house such as when laborers pierced road for constructing the theater building. It might make the floor in my house break.

Paragraph 2 If a new movie theater is built in my neighborhood, it may pose dangers to my house. For example, the dirt from construction may fall on my house, making it difficult for me to breathe. Perhaps, I might have allergies and sicknesses as a result. And as the workers lay concrete or destroy existing concrete in the process of making a foundation for the theater, pieces may fall on my house, thus destroying a part of my house such as my windows.

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Exercise 42

Paragraph 1 Because so many people will go to the movie theater, they may sometimes make the front of my house dirty. For instance, when some people go out of the movie theater, they may throw trash away in front of my house. This would be a terrible nuisance to me and may even make the value of my property plummet in the real estate market.

Paragraph 2 The movie theater usually is opened until midnight. So, many people who went to the movie theater at midnight are finished and go back about three o'clock. Their cars and conversation will annoy people who are sleeping in their house. Many people go to the movie theater. So, sometimes, they may make the front of my house dirty. For instance, when some people go out of the movie theater, sometimes, they might throw trash away in front of my house.

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Exercise 43

Paragraph 1 They can write a letter or E-mail. It's a nice way to tell other people about your life, problems, feelings or events. If you receive letter or message from computer, you feel like you are important person for somebody. You feel good and comfortable that someone found some time to write something to you. I have one friend who always sends me E-mails or letters when we have to explain problems to each other. She is not brave enough to tell me about her feelings. She is very shy, secretive and she doesn't like to talk about problems. It's easier for her to write; she can put her feelings on the piece of paper. I accept and respect her way of communication.

Paragraph 2 The main reason why I choose face-to-face communication is that people can, by this means, avoid unnecessary misunderstanding immediately. Consider, for example, you are attempting to make a deal with a business partner. You stop by his office and talk about the contract in every detail; as the result, you can see right away if he misunderstands you: his body language such as facial expression will tell you if he disagrees or doesn't follow your line of thought. Consequently, you can repeat yourself or sum up your argument. On the contrary, if you had sent an E-mail to him, this person may have misinterpreted what you really wanted to say. He could underestimate the possibility of the deal, and you would have had to waste time explaining yourself in another e-mail.

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Exercise 44

Paragraph 1 One very strong argument for face-to-face communication is that encounters tend to hold longer than other forms of communication. An E-mail only lasts a second; a phone, a few minutes. However, when you decide to meet face-to-face, you've made an effort to connect with the person, and the person has made an effort to meet with you. You will probably spend more time talking. The more you talk, the stronger your relationship will be.

Paragraph 2 Every person is different. One likes to talk directly; another by phone or letter wants to say something. It's depends of situation too. If you want to just leave the message to somebody you can call or send letter but if you would like to explain problems, it is better when you talk face- to- face. Some people don't like this kind of communication. They are too shy, or they are not brave enough.

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Exercise 45

Paragraph 1 When I worked at the bank, I was visited by a head hunter from a foreign company. He offered a good promotion and a good job in U.S., Europe, or Hong Kong. However, I thought that this offer was risky for me because company systems and human relations were different between Japan and foreign countries. Although my job was hard and stressful, I enjoyed it, and I felt comfortable. I was worried about working in a different system and human relations. That was big risk for me; therefore, I did not take the risk.

Paragraph 2 History presented many examples of risk-takers. In politics, Martin Luther King secured prominent places by challenging the status quo through civil disobedience although he was taking great risks, and future generations will probably remember him more clearly than those who took no risks at all.

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Exercise 46

Paragraph 1 In Science, innovation and progress can only result from challenging conventional theories. Consider, 15th-century astronomer Copernicus took great risks in challenging the Ptolemaic paradigm of a geocentric universe; instead, he developed his new paradigm and theories that helped facilitate Galileo's empirical observations, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's gravitational principle.

Paragraph 2 One of my friends is scared of dogs. Her neighbor has a big dog. The dog barks loudly when people walk in front of the house. Of course, she is scared of the dog. However, she could avoid the dog because she always commuted the same way to go to the office or shopping for a many years. She knew very well around her neighbors; therefore, her walk took her another way to avoid the dog. She avoided the risk of confronting the dog face-to-face.

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Exercise 47

Paragraph 1 In my opinion, making a profit is not as important as businessmen think. Money or profit is not the only important thing for doing business but also reliance on others. I think trust is more important to me. If the hypothesis that "business should do anything they can to make a profit is true," it is only thinking of immediate profit, only thinking of the present. However, if businessmen thinks not only of the present, this society would change in better way.

Paragraph 2 In the first place, business success depends on community support; businesses have an ethical duty to serve the community, which permits corporations to operate in exchange for an implicit promise that the corporations will not harm and will bring some benefit to the community. Many successful businesses--such as Mrs Field's, Ben&Jerry's, and Timberland--have embraced this philosophy; by providing jobs and donating money, facilities, or services to social programs, these businesses gain a good reputation for social responsibility that often helps them become even more successful. To the contrary, businesses who entirely pursue profits without any benefit to their communities will certainly lose their reputation and market shares in the long run.

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Exercise 48

Paragraph 1 Secondly, businesses should not ignore to preserve the environment. Consider, for example, an emerging company sets up a short-term target of $20 million profits, while totally ignoring environmental issues by leaking a toxic substance into the ground. Although this company has successfully saved money for equipping the water recycling program, it has to pay even more for the government punishment.

Paragraph 2 Big businesses have a lot of employees, operational cost, and other costs. They have to make money to cover these costs. If businesses want to requite the society, they must have money to do it. We cannot deny that businesses have to make a profit to live. No money, nothing can do even if businesses want to do something for our society. This is a realistic society. If businesses want to live, they have to make money as much as they possibly can.

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Exercise 49

Paragraph 1 Another good method of reducing stress is reading. When you read an interesting story, you become part of the story. You get involved in the characters of the story and reach a different world altogether. If you read some interesting piece of information, you try and think how it can affect your life. Thus, books and newspapers act as a stress eliminator for people who are fond of reading.

Paragraph 2 When I was a junior high school student, I always had a lot of exams every day. It was routine to have a lot of exams for us. One day, I was completely weighted down by the stress of examinations. I rode my bike to a park which was on the bench of a mountain. It was a little difficult to ride to the higher elevations. I did my best to ride to the top of upland. When I was on the top,. I could look down on all of sceneries. It made me in a good mood. I was not bound to a little exam. It was boundless senses in my view. I could get the optimistic view and hope. Beautiful nature gives me energy, and I am ready to receive many challenges.

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Exercise 50
Paragraph 1 For instance, while I meet some trouble, I like to talk to my best friends. This is another effective way to overcome our stress. Not only can I feel better after talking, but also they sometimes can give me good advice. Besides, because they are my good friends, I can talk to them about anything without feeling shame. That's why I choose this way to reduce my stress.	Paragraph 2 Last but not the least, we can reduce stress by discussing our day with family and friends. The very fact that you can tell someone each incident that occurred during the day and how you reacted to it, eases the tension on your mind. Just as you discuss your day, other people discuss theirs. This friendly atmosphere can prove effective in reducing stress.

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Correct answer = Conclusion # 2